Justia California Supreme Court Opinion Summaries

The Supreme Court reversed the decision of the court of appeal affirming the judgment of the trial court denying Appellant's petition for resentencing under Senate Bill No. 1437, holding that certain special circumstance findings did not preclude him from making out a prima facie case for resentencing.In 2014, Appellant was convicted of felony murder. The jury found true felony-murder special-circumstance allegations that Appellant was a "major participant" who acted with "reckless indifference to human life" under Cal. Penal Code 190.2, subdivision (d). Thereafter, the Supreme Court decided People v. Banks, 61 Cal. 4th 788 (2015) and People v. Clark, 63 Cal.4th 522 (2016), which provided guidance on the meaning of the statutory phrases "major participant" and "with reckless indifference to human life." In 2018, the Legislature adopted Senate Bill 1437. Appellant then petitioned for resentencing. The trial court denied the petition. The Supreme Court reversed, holding (1) findings issued by a jury before Banks and Clark do not preclude a defendant from making out a prima facie case for relief under Senate Bill 1437; and (2) because Appellant's case was tried before both Banks and Clerk, the special circumstance findings did not preclude him from making out a prima facie case for resentencing under section 1172.6. View "People v. Strong" on Justia Law

The Supreme Court held that liability under the Unruh Civil Rights Act, Cal. Civ. Code 51, was not available in this case, where Plaintiff alleged that he was sexually assaulted by fellow students and a school district staff member at his high school.Plaintiff, through his guardian, sued the West Contra Costa Unified School District asserting various claims arising out of his high school experiences, including allegations that the District had violated the Act. The District demurred to the Act cause of action on the ground that the District was not a "business establishment" within the meaning of the Act. The trial court sustained the demurrer. Thereafter, Plaintiff filed an original petition for writ of mandate, which the court of appeal denied. The Supreme Court affirmed, holding that the Act, as currently written, cannot reasonably be interpreted to encompass public school districts in situations such as the one this case presented. View "Brennon B. v. Superior Court" on Justia Law

In this lawsuit challenging the sufficiency of an environmental impact report (EIR) prepared by California's Department of Water Resources (DWR) the Supreme Court affirmed in part and reversed in part the decision of the court of appeal finding that the claims brought by Butte and Plumas Counties under the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA), Cal. Pub. Res. Code 21000 et seq., were preempted, holding that the court of appeal erred in part.The Counties brought a challenge to the environmental sufficiency of a settlement DWR prepared as part of the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) proceedings, 16 U.S.C. 817(1), and to the sufficiency of the EIR more generally. The court of appeals found that the action was preempted by the Federal Power Act, 16 U.S.C. 791a et seq. The Supreme Court reversed in part, holding (1) the Counties' claims were preempted to the extent they attempted to unwind the terms of a settlement agreement reached through a federal process and sought to enjoin DWR from operating certain facilities; but (2) the court of appeals erred in finding the Counties' CEQA claims entirely preempted. View "County of Butte v. Dep't of Water Resources" on Justia Law

The Supreme Court affirmed the judgment of the court of appeal reversing the trial court's order dismissing counts one through four of the combined information in this criminal case, holding that Cal. Penal Code 954's joinder clause permits a district attorney to file a single information in the circumstances presented in this case.At issue before the Supreme Court was whether, and under which circumstances, a trial court may consider more than one preliminary hearing record in its ruling on a motion brought under Cal. Penal Code 995 to set aside the information for lack of probable cause. Specifically at issue was the correct interpretation of section 954. The court of appeals ruled that section 954's consolidation clause provided the district court with the authority to file a single information combining related offenses that were the subject of separate preliminary injunctions. The Supreme Court affirmed, holding (1) the statute permits a history attorney to file a single information when the applicable time constraints are satisfied; and (2) when related offenses are properly joined by the district attorney and in ruling on a section 995 motion, a trial court is permitted to consider more than one preliminary hearing record. View "People v. Henson" on Justia Law

The Supreme Court affirmed the judgment of the trial court convicting Defendant, following a jury trial, of eleven counts of first-degree murder and sentencing him to death, holding that Defendant was not entitled to reversal of his convictions.Specifically, the Supreme Court held (1) Defendant was not entitled to reversal on his claims regarding his right to representation; (2) the trial court did not err on engage in misconduct during venue-related proceedings in both Calaveras County and Orange County, and the trial court did not err in failing to transfer six counts from Orange County to the City and County of San Francisco; (3) the trial court did not deprive Defendant of due process by its adjudication of competency proceedings or by subjecting him to physical constraints; (4) even if there was error in the admission of certain evidence, the error was harmless; (5) the trial court did not abuse its discretion in denying Defendant's motion for a mistrial based on lack of evidence; and (6) there was no prejudicial error during the penalty phase. View "People v. Ng" on Justia Law

The Supreme Court affirmed the judgment of the trial court convicting Defendant of murder, attempted murder, and conspiracy to commit murder and sentencing Defendant to death, holding that there was no reversible error in the proceedings below.Specifically, the Supreme Court held (1) the trial court properly excluded two prospective jurors for cause; (2) the "substantial impairment" standard used for determining jury bias in capital cases did not violate Defendant's Sixth Amendment right to an impartial jury; (3) there was no constitutional violation in the denial of Defendant's motion to dismiss the charges against him; (4) there was no error in the court's evidentiary rulings; (5) the trial court erred by failing to provide the jury with a cautionary instructions defining confessions, but the error was harmless; (6) Defendant did not demonstrate any basis for the Court to find error in California's death penalty laws; and (7) a limited remand was appropriate for the sole purpose of allowing the trial court to consider whether to exercise its discretion to strike the prior serious felony enhancement and the firearm enhancements. View "People v. Mataele" on Justia Law

The Supreme Court affirmed in part and reversed in part the judgment of the appellate court concerning whether a party in default has standing to file a motion for a new trial asserting legal error relating to calculation of damages and whether a court may award treble damages and attorney's fees under Cal. Penal Code 496 in a case involving fraudulent diversion of a partnership's cash distributions, holding the court erred in part.Plaintiff sued Defendants for underpaying him and improperly diverting a partnership's rental income. The trial court entered a default judgment against Defendants, awarding Plaintiff treble damages and attorney's fees. The court of appeal reversed in part, concluding that Defendants had standing and that the trial court improperly awarded treble damages under section 496(c) under the circumstances of this case. The Supreme Court reversed in part, holding that the court of appeal (1) correctly recognized and confirmed Defendants' standing to move for a new trial on the ground that the trial court erred in awarding and calculating damages; and (2) erred in construing section 496(c) to withhold, rather than afford, treble damages and attorney's fees when property "has been obtained in any manner constituting theft." View "Siry Investment, L.P. v. Farkhondehpour" on Justia Law

The Supreme Court affirmed the judgment of the court of appeal affirming the judgment of the trial court against a hospital based on violations of the Labor Code and the Unfair Competition Law, holding that the lower court correctly found that claim preclusion did not bar this suit.A nurse sued the staffing agency that arranged for her to work at at a hospital based on violations of the Labor Code and the Unfair Competition Law. The parties settled. Thereafter, the nurse sued the hospital based on the same alleged violations. The hospital argued that the first judgment precluded the nurse from bringing the second suit. The trial court concluded that the hospital was not in privity with the staffing agency for claim preclusion purposes. The Supreme Court affirmed, holding that the hospital was not entitled to benefit from claim preclusion. View "Grande v. Eisenhower Medical Center" on Justia Law

The Supreme Court affirmed the judgment of the superior court convicting Defendant of two murders and finding true the special circumstances that one murder occurred during the commission of a robbery, that the other murder involved the killing of a witness and that Defendant had been convicted of multiple murders, and sentencing Defendant to death, holding that no errors required reversal of the judgment.Specifically, the Supreme Court held (1) substantial evidence supported the excusal of juror J.W. for cause; (2) assuming that the trial court erred when it allowed the prosecution to introduce "other acts" evidence at the guilt phase of trial, any error was harmless; (3) assuming that the trial court erred in introducing evidence at the penalty phase regarding Defendant's participation in mutual combat was harmless; and (4) there was no cumulative error requiring reversal of the judgment below. View "People v. Pineda" on Justia Law

The Supreme Court affirmed the order of the trial court entering judgment upon the jury's verdict that Defendant committed first degree murder, robbery, burglary, and firearm possession by a felon and sentencing him to death, holding that while the court committed statutory error, there were no additional errors or rulings that caused Defendant undue prejudice.On appeal, Defendant asserted that several errors in the guilt and penalty phases occurred, resulting in cumulative prejudice warranting reversal of his convictions. The Supreme Court disagreed and affirmed, holding (1) the trial court erred by allowing Defendant to be absent from trial without a written waiver, but the error was not prejudicial; and (2) Defendant failed to identify any other reversible error on appeal. View "People v. Poore" on Justia Law